The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic, and with it, the development of several vaccines designed to reduce the spread of the virus and protect those who receive it from the serious effects of infection. However, a number of potential cardiovascular complications of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been reported. In this article, we provide an overview of these potential complications and discuss the current evidence regarding their occurrence.
Vaccine-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
Vaccine-associated cardiovascular complications may include myocarditis, pericarditis, and other forms of heart inflammation. These conditions can lead to serious symptoms such as chest pain, arrhythmias, and shortness of breath. Myocarditis and pericarditis are both inflammatory conditions that can be caused by infectious agents, medications, and other factors.
Incidence of Vaccine-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
The incidence of vaccine-associated cardiovascular complications is not yet known. However, several reports of possible myocarditis and pericarditis have been reported following receipt of the mRNA-based vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna). Most of these cases occurred within the first two weeks after vaccination.
Risk Factors for Vaccine-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
Those at increased risk for vaccine-associated cardiovascular complications include individuals with underlying cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Additionally, individuals who are immunocompromised, are taking immunosuppressive medications, or have had a previous reaction to a vaccine may be at increased risk.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vaccine-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
The diagnosis of vaccine-associated cardiovascular complications may involve physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and other laboratory tests. Treatment typically includes rest, medications, and close monitoring.
Conclusion
The potential for vaccine-associated cardiovascular complications is an important consideration when determining whether or not to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. While the incidence of these complications is currently unknown, those at increased risk should discuss their individual risk factors with their healthcare provider prior to receiving the vaccine.
