Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by intense feelings of fear, worry, and apprehension. In children and adolescents, these disorders can manifest differently than in adults, and can have a significant impact on their overall wellbeing. Common anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence include separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias, panic disorder, and selective mutism, among others.
Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by an excessive, irrational fear of being separated from one’s parents or other attachment figures. People with this disorder may experience intense distress when anticipating or experiencing separation, and may attempt to avoid situations that involve being away from their attachment figures.
Social anxiety disorder is a fear of social situations and interactions, which can include public speaking, eating in public, interacting with unfamiliar people, or even making eye contact. People with social anxiety disorder may fear being judged or embarrassed in social situations, and may go to great lengths to avoid them.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent, excessive, and unrealistic worry about everyday life events and activities. People with GAD may experience feelings of restlessness, irritability, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating, and may be overly concerned with their performance and perfectionism.
Specific phobias involve intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as animals, heights, or flying. People with a specific phobia may go to great lengths to avoid the feared object or situation, and may experience extreme distress when exposed to it.
Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Panic attacks involve sudden, intense fear or discomfort accompanied by a range of physical and cognitive symptoms, such as chest pain, rapid heart rate, dizziness, and fear of dying.
Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder characterized by an inability to speak in certain social situations, despite being able to do so in other settings. This disorder is often linked to extreme shyness and fear of being judged or embarrassed.
Childhood and adolescence can be a difficult time, and anxiety disorders can have a significant impact on a young person’s wellbeing. If you or someone you know is struggling with anxiety, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional. With the right treatment, these disorders can be effectively managed.