The six major air pollutants which affect the health of humans are:
1. Particulate Matter (PM): Particulate Matter (PM) is a mixture of solid and liquid particles in the air which includes dust, dirt, soot, smoke, and droplets. These particles can be inhaled and can cause respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, as well as lung cancer. In addition, PM can also contribute to climate change by absorbing and reflecting the sun’s energy.
2. Ozone (O3): Ozone is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms and is found in the upper atmosphere. It acts as a shield to protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. However, at ground-level, ozone is a pollutant which can cause respiratory illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis.
3. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): Nitrogen Dioxide is a gas composed of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is mainly produced by combustion from motor vehicles, power plants, and other sources. It can cause respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, and can aggravate existing cardiovascular conditions.
4. Carbon Monoxide (CO): Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is produced by burning fuels such as gasoline, wood, coal, and natural gas. It can enter the bloodstream through the lungs and cause cell damage, leading to health problems such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, and even death.
5. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): Sulfur Dioxide is a colorless, odorless, and corrosive gas which is mainly produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil. It can cause respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, and can aggravate existing cardiovascular conditions. It can also cause acid rain.
6. Lead (Pb): Lead is a heavy metal which can enter the environment through the burning of fossil fuels, industrial processes, and mining. It can be inhaled or ingested and can cause a range of health problems, including damage to the nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive system. It is especially dangerous for children, who are more susceptible to its effects.
These six air pollutants can have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. It is important to take steps to reduce emissions of these pollutants in order to protect our health and the environment.