NASH (Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis) is a form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). It is a chronic liver condition that affects the body's ability to metabolize fat. NAFLD is a common disorder, with an estimated 30-40% of the population in the United States having it.
There are four stages of NAFLD:
1. Simple Steatosis: This is the first stage of NAFLD and is also known as fatty liver. In this stage, there is an accumulation of excess fat in the liver cells, which can be seen on a liver biopsy. The liver may be enlarged and tender, and there may be abnormalities in the blood tests. However, there is no inflammation or scarring of the liver yet.
2. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): This is the second stage of NAFLD. In this stage, the fat accumulation in the liver is accompanied by inflammation and scarring of the liver tissue. This can be seen on a liver biopsy and can be confirmed with blood tests. There may be an increase in enzymes such as ALT and AST, and the patient may experience fatigue, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
3. Cirrhosis: This is the third stage of NAFLD, where the liver becomes severely scarred and is no longer able to function properly. This is the most serious stage of the disease and can lead to serious complications such as liver failure, ascites, and encephalopathy.
4. Liver Cancer: This is the fourth stage of NAFLD and is the most advanced form of the disease. It is a very serious condition that can be fatal if not treated promptly and appropriately.
The progression of NAFLD can be prevented with lifestyle modifications such as decreasing alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a balanced diet. It is also important to receive regular check-ups and screening tests for early detection and treatment.