Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is a rare autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks and damages two or more of the endocrine glands. The endocrine glands are responsible for producing hormones, which are essential for normal body functions. Symptoms of APS vary depending on which glands are affected, but can include fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, fever, and skin rashes.
The most common symptoms of APS are associated with the adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Common symptoms of adrenal gland involvement include fatigue, weight loss, low blood sugar, and salt cravings. Other symptoms may include abnormal body hair growth (hypertrichosis) and thinning of the skin.
The thyroid gland is also often affected in APS. Symptoms of thyroid gland involvement include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and constipation.
In addition, APS can affect the reproductive glands, such as the ovaries or testes. Symptoms of reproductive gland involvement can include infertility, menstrual irregularities, and abnormal hair growth.
Finally, APS can affect the parathyroid glands, which produce hormones that regulate calcium levels in the body. Symptoms of parathyroid gland involvement include fatigue, muscle aches, and bone pain.
APS is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management. Treatment typically involves medications to regulate hormone levels, as well as lifestyle modifications such as stress reduction and dietary changes.