ASCUS stands for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and is a term used by pathologists to describe abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. Common symptoms of ASCUS include abnormal bleeding or discharge from the cervix, pelvic pain, and pain during intercourse. Other symptoms may include itching, burning, or a feeling of pressure in the pelvis.
The most common sign of ASCUS is an abnormal Pap test result. During a Pap test, the healthcare provider uses a small brush to collect cells from the cervix. The cells are then examined under a microscope to look for abnormal changes. If ASCUS is present, the Pap test results may show cells that appear abnormal but are not considered to be cancerous.
Other tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis of ASCUS. These tests may include an HPV test, colposcopy, and/or biopsy. An HPV test looks for the presence of the virus that can cause ASCUS. A colposcopy is a procedure in which a healthcare provider uses a magnifying device to examine the cervix more closely to look for abnormal cells. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope.
If ASCUS is found on a Pap test, it is important to follow up with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for treatment. In many cases, ASCUS will resolve on its own over time. However, if the ASCUS does not resolve, or if the cells are determined to be precancerous, further treatment may be necessary.