Rare heart conditions are a group of disorders that affect the structure and functioning of the heart. These conditions are usually inherited, meaning they are passed down from one generation to the next. They are also known as congenital heart defects or anomalies, and can range from minor to severe. Some of the more common rare heart conditions include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), congenital heart block (CHB), long QT syndrome (LQTS), and Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it difficult for blood to pass through. Symptoms may include chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications, medications, and possibly surgery.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes enlarged and weakened. This can lead to congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and even sudden cardiac death. Treatment may include lifestyle modifications, medications, and possibly a heart transplant.
Congenital heart block (CHB) is a condition in which the conduction of electrical signals between the heart's chambers is blocked or slowed. Symptoms may include palpitations, chest pain, and fatigue. Treatment may include medications and pacemakers.
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition in which the electrical activity of the heart is disrupted, leading to an abnormal heart rhythm. Symptoms may include palpitations, fainting, and seizures. Treatment may include medications, pacemakers, and lifestyle modifications.
Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which the electrical signals in the heart are disrupted, leading to an abnormal heart rhythm. Symptoms may include palpitations, dizziness, and fainting. Treatment may include medications, pacemakers, and lifestyle modifications.
These rare heart conditions can be life-threatening, so early diagnosis and treatment are important. If you have a family history of rare heart conditions, it is important to discuss this with your doctor.