Late signs of cystic fibrosis (CF) are those that usually present in individuals who have had CF for an extended period of time. These signs can be both physical and psychological in nature, and can range from mild to severe depending on the individual's condition.
Physical late signs of CF include severe breathing difficulties, frequent hospitalizations, persistent lung infections, and a decline in overall physical activity and energy levels. These can be caused by a buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs, which makes it harder to breathe and increases the risk of infection. Other physical signs include gastrointestinal issues, such as poor growth, recurrent pancreatitis, and malabsorption of nutrients; musculoskeletal issues, such as joint pain, muscle weakness, and osteoporosis; and liver problems, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Psychological late signs of CF can include anxiety, depression, and difficulty coping with the physical and emotional toll of living with a chronic illness. Individuals with CF may also experience feelings of guilt and shame due to their inability to participate in activities or maintain relationships that they would have been able to if they did not have the condition.
It is important to note that individuals with CF may not experience all of these late signs, and the severity of the symptoms can vary from one person to another. It is also important to recognize that these late signs can be managed with lifestyle changes, medication, and other treatments. Early diagnosis and intervention can help to prevent or delay the onset of these late signs, so it is important for individuals with CF to seek medical care as soon as possible after diagnosis.