Anorectal disorders are a group of conditions that affect the anus and rectum, which are the last parts of the digestive tract. These disorders can range from minor and easily treatable conditions to more serious conditions requiring surgery. Common anorectal disorders include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, abscesses, fistulas, and rectal cancer.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anal and rectal area. They can be internal, meaning they are inside the rectum, or external, meaning they are outside the anus. Hemorrhoids are typically caused by straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, and obesity. Symptoms of hemorrhoids include itching, rectal pain, bleeding, and swelling. Treatment options for hemorrhoids range from over-the-counter medications to more advanced procedures.
Anal Fissures
Anal fissures are small tears in the tissue of the anus. They can be caused by straining during bowel movements, childbirth, or chronic constipation. Symptoms of anal fissures include rectal pain, itching, and bleeding. Treatment options for anal fissures include dietary changes, topical creams, and in some cases, surgery.
Rectal Prolapse
Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum slides out of place and protrudes from the anus. This condition is typically caused by weakening of the pelvic muscles, straining during bowel movements, or childbirth. Symptoms of rectal prolapse include rectal pain, bleeding, and a sensation of something coming out of the anus. Treatment options for rectal prolapse range from lifestyle changes to surgery.
Abscesses
An abscess is an infected pocket of pus that forms near the anus or rectum. It is typically caused by bacterial infections, such as a staph infection. Symptoms of an abscess include swelling, redness, pain, and fever. Treatment options for an abscess include antibiotics and surgery.
Fistulas
A fistula is an abnormal connection between two organs, such as the anus and the skin. It is typically caused by an infection or injury. Symptoms of a fistula include pain, swelling, and drainage. Treatment options for a fistula range from antibiotics to surgery.
Rectal Cancer
Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the rectum. It is typically caused by genetic mutations or long-term exposure to carcinogens. Symptoms of rectal cancer include rectal bleeding, pain, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment options for rectal cancer range from chemotherapy to surgery.