Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries of the heart, resulting in a decreased blood flow to the heart and potentially leading to a heart attack. There are a number of causes of CAD, including the following:
1. Unhealthy lifestyle choices: Poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are all major risk factors for developing CAD. Eating a diet high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol can increase the amount of plaque in the heart arteries, while lack of physical activity can reduce the amount of oxygen delivered to the heart. Smoking significantly increases the risk of CAD, as does regular consumption of alcohol.
2. High cholesterol levels: High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) and low levels of good cholesterol (HDL) can increase the risk of CAD. A high total cholesterol level is also a risk factor.
3. Hypertension: High blood pressure can affect the heart's ability to pump blood, increasing the risk of CAD.
4. Diabetes: Having diabetes increases the risk of CAD because it can lead to higher levels of bad cholesterol and high blood pressure.
5. Age: As people age, their risk of CAD increases. This is especially true for those over the age of 45.
It is important to remember that CAD is a serious condition, and that making lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking can help reduce the risk of developing this condition. Additionally, talking to your doctor about any risk factors you may have and getting regular check-ups can help in the prevention of CAD.