Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. FASDs can range from mild to severe, and the type of disorder depends on the amount and timing of prenatal exposure to alcohol. There are three main types of FASD: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), and Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD).
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe type of FASD. It is characterized by physical, mental, and behavioral issues that can range from mild to severe. Physical symptoms of FAS include facial abnormalities, growth deficiency, heart defects, and vision and hearing impairments. Mental and behavioral issues include developmental delays, attention and memory deficits, learning disabilities, and difficulty with problem-solving and decision-making.
Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) is characterized by cognitive and behavioral problems, but not the physical abnormalities seen in FAS. Cognitive issues can include memory and learning deficits, problems with planning and organization, and difficulty with problem-solving and decision-making. Behavioral issues may include impulsivity, hyperactivity, difficulty with social interactions, and poor communication skills.
Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD) are physical problems caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol, but without the cognitive and behavioral issues seen in FAS and ARND. Common physical birth defects include heart defects, vision and hearing impairments, skeletal problems, and liver and kidney problems.
FASDs can have a profound impact on the lives of those affected, and those affected often require lifelong support and care. It is important for those with an FASD to receive early intervention and specialized care in order to maximize their potential and quality of life.
