Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition that affects an estimated 11% of women of reproductive age. It occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus, called the endometrium, grows outside of the uterus and on other organs in the pelvic area. Common symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, heavy and irregular menstrual bleeding, and infertility.
1. Pelvic Pain: One of the most common and debilitating symptoms of endometriosis is pelvic pain. This pain can range from mild to severe, and can be constant or intermittent. It is typically worse during menstruation and can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain during sex, lower back pain, and abdominal cramping.
2. Heavy and Irregular Menstrual Bleeding: Women with endometriosis often experience heavy and irregular menstrual bleeding, which can occur even between periods. This is caused by the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue, which can block or interfere with the flow of menstrual blood.
3. Infertility: Endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility in women. The abnormal endometrial tissue can block the fallopian tubes, preventing the sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg. In some cases, the endometrial tissue also affects the production of hormones that are necessary for healthy ovulation.