Air Contaminants
Air contaminants that can cause death by asphyxiation include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3). Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning fuel, such as gasoline, wood, coal, or natural gas. Carbon monoxide interferes with the body's ability to take in oxygen, leading to asphyxiation. Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that is produced when organically-rich materials, such as sewage, decompose. It has a strong sulfur odor and can cause asphyxiation in high concentrations. Ammonia is an irritant gas that is produced by the breakdown of organic matter and is also found in many industrial processes. In high concentrations, it can cause suffocation and death.
Health Effects
Asphyxiation caused by air contaminants can be fatal and can cause long-term health problems even if death does not occur. Inhaling high levels of carbon monoxide can cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and loss of consciousness. Hydrogen sulfide can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. Ammonia inhalation can cause burning of the eyes, nose, and throat, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Precautions
To prevent asphyxiation caused by air contaminants, it is important to be aware of the sources of contamination and take measures to reduce exposure. Make sure that fuel-burning appliances are properly vented and that any leaks from gas lines or fuel tanks are promptly repaired. In areas where hydrogen sulfide is present, such as sewers, it is important to wear protective masks and clothing. Additionally, make sure that ammonia sources are properly contained and that adequate ventilation is provided in areas where ammonia is present.
