Overview
Hemolytic anemia (HA) is a type of anemia caused by the accelerated destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). It can affect individuals of any age, but is most commonly seen in young adults and children. HA can be caused by genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, infections, and drugs.
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
The most common causes of HA include genetic defects, autoimmune disorders, infections, and certain drugs.
Genetic defects: Genetic defects can cause the body to produce abnormal RBCs that are more prone to destruction. This can include inherited conditions such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and hereditary spherocytosis.
Autoimmune disorders: Autoimmune disorders can cause the immune system to attack and destroy RBCs, leading to anemia. The most common autoimmune disorders associated with HA are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
Infections: Certain infections, such as malaria, can cause the body to produce abnormal RBCs, which are more prone to destruction.
Drugs: Some drugs can cause the body to produce abnormal RBCs, which are more prone to destruction. Examples of such drugs include penicillin, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides.
Age Groups Affected
Hemolytic anemia can affect people of any age, but it is more commonly seen in young adults and children. In children, the most common cause of HA is genetic defects, while in adults, it is usually caused by autoimmune disorders.
Treatment
The treatment of HA depends on the underlying cause. In cases where the cause is genetic, there is no cure and treatment is focused on managing the symptoms. In cases where the cause is autoimmune, treatment may include immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids or monoclonal antibodies. In cases where the cause is an infection, treatment involves treating the infection with antibiotics. In cases where the cause is a drug, the drug must be discontinued.
