Periodontitis typically begins when an individual is in their thirties, although it can start earlier in some cases. It is an inflammatory disease that affects the gum tissue and structures that support the teeth, such as the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. It is usually caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria on the teeth, which leads to inflammation, infection, and destruction of the gum tissue and supporting structures.
The risk factors for periodontitis are similar to those for other forms of gum disease, such as smoking, diabetes, and certain medications. It is also more common in individuals who do not practice proper oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly.
The early signs and symptoms of periodontitis include red, swollen, or tender gums, receding gums, and persistent bad breath. As the disease progresses, the pockets between the teeth and gums will deepen, and the teeth may become loose or shift in position. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss.
If you are in your thirties or older, it is important to visit your dentist regularly for a professional cleaning and exam. This is the best way to catch any signs of periodontitis in its early stages, before it progresses and causes more serious damage. Treatment may include antibiotics, scaling and root planing, or surgery, depending on the severity of the disorder.