Head and neck cancer is a type of cancer that can occur in any part of the head or neck, such as the mouth, throat, nose, larynx, salivary glands, and sinuses. While it can occur at any age, it is more common in older adults.
Risk Factors
The risk of developing head and neck cancer increases with age, and the average age at diagnosis is 65. Other risk factors include:
Smoking: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes is the single greatest risk factor for head and neck cancer.
Alcohol use: Regular and heavy alcohol use increases the risk of head and neck cancer.
Exposure to certain chemicals: Exposure to asbestos, formaldehyde, and arsenic can increase the risk of developing head and neck cancer.
Infections: Certain viruses, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV), can increase the risk of developing head and neck cancer.
Symptoms
The symptoms of head and neck cancer can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer. Common symptoms include:
A sore or lump in the mouth or throat: This can be painless or painful and may not go away.
A sore throat that does not go away: This can be accompanied by pain or difficulty swallowing.
A hoarse voice: This can be accompanied by cough or difficulty breathing.
Unexplained weight loss: This can be accompanied by fatigue or loss of appetite.
Nasal stuffiness: This can be accompanied by nosebleeds or bloody mucus.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. Your doctor will conduct a physical exam, as well as imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI, to determine the cause of your symptoms. If cancer is suspected, your doctor may recommend a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for head and neck cancer will depend on the type and location of the cancer, as well as your overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.