Is Thyroid Cancer Common in Young Adults?
Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops in the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck. It is one of the most common types of cancers in young adults and is usually found in people between the ages of 25 and 65. While the exact cause of thyroid cancer is unknown, it is believed to be linked to certain environmental and genetic factors.
Epidemiology: According to the American Cancer Society, thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, with an estimated 54,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. The incidence rate has been increasing in the past several decades, especially among young adults aged 25 to 44. The overall survival rate of thyroid cancer is high, with an estimated five-year survival rate of 98%.
Risk Factors: There are several risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. These include family history of the disease, radiation exposure, certain genetic mutations, and certain environmental factors such as exposure to persistent organic pollutants. Additionally, being female and having a history of certain autoimmune diseases are also linked to an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.
Symptoms: The most common symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump or nodule in the neck. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and changes in the voice. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of thyroid cancer usually involves a physical exam, imaging tests, and laboratory tests. The most common imaging test used to diagnose thyroid cancer is a CT scan. Thyroid function tests can also be used to look for signs of the disease. Biopsies and other tissue sampling techniques may also be used to confirm a diagnosis.
Treatment: Treatment for thyroid cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the disease. The most common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be used. In addition, certain medications may be used to help manage symptoms and side effects of treatment.
Prevention: There is no sure way to prevent thyroid cancer, but there are some steps that can be taken to reduce the risk. These include avoiding exposure to radiation, getting regular check-ups, and eating a healthy diet. Additionally, it is important to be aware of any changes in the neck or throat that could be signs of the disease.