Overview
Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland, located in the neck. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2020, about 53,990 people (31,890 women and 22,100 men) will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer in the United States. Though thyroid cancer is more common in people over the age of 55, it can also affect younger adults, including those in their twenties.
Risk Factors
There are certain risk factors that can increase a person’s risk of developing thyroid cancer. Factors that put someone at higher risk for thyroid cancer include:
• A family history of thyroid cancer
• Exposure to radiation, such as radiation therapy for another cancer
• Having been exposed to high levels of iodine
• Having a genetic condition such as Cowden syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis
• Being female
Common Symptoms
The most common symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump or nodule in the neck. Other symptoms of thyroid cancer can include:
• Hoarseness
• Pain in the neck or throat
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Difficulty swallowing
• Trouble breathing
Diagnosis and Treatment
If a person has symptoms of thyroid cancer, their doctor may order tests to diagnose the condition. These tests may include imaging scans such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as blood tests and a biopsy.
Treatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the age and overall health of the patient. Treatment may include surgery to remove the thyroid, radioactive iodine therapy, or chemotherapy. In some cases, radiation therapy may also be recommended.
Conclusion
Though thyroid cancer is more common in people over the age of 55, it can also affect younger adults, including those in their twenties. It is important for anyone experiencing symptoms of thyroid cancer to speak to their doctor, as early diagnosis and treatment may improve their prognosis.