What Causes Migraines?
Migraines are a type of headache that can cause intense pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. They can last from several hours to several days. The exact cause of migraines is unknown, but they are thought to be related to changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve, a major pain pathway. Possible triggers of migraines include certain foods, stress, hormonal changes, bright or flashing lights, loud noises, and changes in sleep patterns or weather.
Treatment Options
There is no cure for migraines, but there are treatments that can help reduce their frequency and severity. Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin can alleviate mild to moderate migraine pain. Prescription medications such as triptans, ergotamines, and anti-nausea medications can also be used to treat migraines. Other treatments include rest, relaxation techniques, avoiding triggers, and lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and healthy eating.
Preventing Migraines
Migraines can be prevented by identifying and avoiding triggers, such as certain foods or environmental factors. Keeping a migraine diary can help identify what triggers a migraine, which can then be avoided. Other preventive measures include maintaining a regular sleep schedule, exercising regularly, and avoiding stress. In some cases, medications such as beta-blockers, anti-seizure medications, or anti-depressants may be prescribed to help prevent migraines.