Spondyloarthritis is a term used to describe a group of inflammatory joint diseases that affect the spine, hips, and/or other joints. It is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body’s own immune system attacks healthy tissue, in this case the joints. However, there is also evidence to suggest that it is an autoinflammatory disorder, in which the innate immune system is activated without the involvement of autoantibodies or T-cells.
Autoimmune vs Autoinflammatory
Autoimmune disorders are caused by an immune system that is overactive and attacks healthy cells within the body. This can be due to a genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or unknown causes. Autoimmune diseases can affect almost any organ system, resulting in a wide range of symptoms.
Autoinflammatory disorders, on the other hand, are caused by the innate immune system without the involvement of autoantibodies or T-cells. This is due to genetic factors, environmental triggers, or unknown causes. Autoinflammatory diseases can also affect many organ systems, and can cause a wide range of symptoms.
Is Spondyloarthritis Autoimmune or Autoinflammatory?
The precise cause of spondyloarthritis is unknown, and it is not clear if it is an autoimmune disorder or an autoinflammatory disorder. However, research suggests that it is likely both.
Studies have found evidence of both T-cells and autoantibodies in the joints of those with spondyloarthritis, suggesting an autoimmune component. In addition, there is evidence of an overactive innate immune system, suggesting an autoinflammatory component.
It is also believed that there may be environmental and genetic factors at play, as spondyloarthritis is more common in certain populations, and tends to run in families.
Conclusion
At present, there is still much to be learned about the exact cause of spondyloarthritis. It is likely that it is both an autoimmune disorder and an autoinflammatory disorder, with the involvement of both T-cells and autoantibodies, as well as an overactive innate immune system. Further research is needed to determine the precise cause of this condition.