Sickle cell disease is a serious, lifelong genetic disorder caused by an abnormality in the hemoglobin molecule. It is the most common type of inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 Americans. People with sickle cell disease often experience chronic pain and fatigue, as well as an increased risk of serious infections, organ damage, and stroke.
What Causes Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin molecule. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. In people with sickle cell disease, the hemoglobin molecules are abnormally shaped, causing the red blood cells to become rigid and crescent-shaped, or "sickle" shaped. This makes it difficult for the red blood cells to move through small blood vessels, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues and organs.
What Are the Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease?
The most common symptom of sickle cell disease is pain, which is usually experienced in the joints, abdomen, chest, and back. Other symptoms can include fever, fatigue, easy bruising, jaundice, and an increased risk of serious infections. Some people with sickle cell disease may also suffer from organ damage, such as kidney or liver failure, and stroke.
How Is Sickle Cell Disease Treated?
Treatment for sickle cell disease focuses on relieving pain, preventing complications, and managing any existing conditions. Pain medications, antibiotics, and hydration may be used to manage symptoms. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be recommended to cure the condition.
Sickle cell disease is a serious, lifelong condition that can be managed with appropriate treatment. It is important to speak with your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about the condition.