Otitis media is a type of middle ear infection that can be caused by either viral or bacterial agents. Viral infections are the most common cause of otitis media, with research indicating that up to 80% of cases are caused by viruses. The most common viral agents that cause otitis media are rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus.
Bacterial infections are the second most common cause of otitis media, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. The most common bacterial agents that cause otitis media are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Most cases of otitis media are mild and can be treated with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain medications. In more severe cases, antibiotics may be necessary to treat the underlying infection. It is important to see a doctor if symptoms persist for more than a few days or if there are signs of hearing loss or other complications.