Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that occurs in young children and is considered to be a high-risk disease. This article will provide an overview of what neuroblastoma is, how it affects children, and what treatments are available.
What is Neuroblastoma?
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that starts in the nerve cells of the sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common solid tumor in children under the age of five and can affect any organ in the body. Neuroblastoma can be classified into three types based on how aggressive it is.
Low-risk neuroblastoma is the least aggressive type and is most often localized to the area where it originated. It is usually not fatal and can often be cured with surgery alone.
Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma is slightly more aggressive and may spread to other organs or lymph nodes. It may require chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in addition to surgery.
High-risk neuroblastoma is the most aggressive type and is usually fatal. It is more likely to spread throughout the body, making it difficult to treat.
How Does Neuroblastoma Affect Children?
Neuroblastoma can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on where it is located in the body. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and bone pain. If neuroblastoma spreads to the bone, it can cause fractures.
Neuroblastoma can also cause psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral changes. These symptoms can be difficult to treat and can have a long-term impact on the child’s mental health.
Treatment Options for Neuroblastoma
The treatment for neuroblastoma depends on the type and stage of the cancer. Low-risk neuroblastoma is often treated with surgery alone, while intermediate-risk and high-risk neuroblastoma may require chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in addition to surgery.
In some cases, immunotherapy may be recommended to help the body's immune system fight the cancer. Clinical trials are also available for children with neuroblastoma, which can provide access to the latest treatments.
In conclusion, neuroblastoma in children is a high-risk disease that can have serious implications for the child's health and wellbeing. It is important to understand the risks and available treatments so that the best decision can be made for the child.