Melanoma: The Most Fatal Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, with more than 3 million cases reported in the United States each year. Of all the types of skin cancer, melanoma is the most dangerous and the deadliest. It is estimated that in 2020, over 100,000 people in the US will be diagnosed with melanoma, and in 2020, an estimated 7,000 people will die from it.
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops in the cells of the skin that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. It is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, arms, and legs. Melanoma is more likely to spread to other parts of the body than other types of skin cancer.
Risk Factors for melanoma include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, having a family history of melanoma, having a large number of moles, or having fair skin.
Prevention of melanoma includes avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun and tanning beds, wearing protective clothing, and using sunscreen. Regular self-exams of the skin can help detect melanoma in its early stages when it is most treatable.
Diagnosis of melanoma is usually made with a skin biopsy, in which a sample of skin tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. Further testing, such as imaging tests and blood tests, may also be done to determine if the cancer has spread.
Treatment for melanoma depends on the stage of the disease. In its early stages, melanoma may be treated with surgery to remove the cancerous cells. In more advanced stages, treatment may involve radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.
Melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer, but it is also one of the most treatable if it is caught early. Taking steps to prevent melanoma and being vigilant about checking the skin for suspicious changes can help ensure an early diagnosis and successful treatment.