Leukemia is a type of cancer that develops in the bone marrow and is more common in adults. However, it can also occur in young adults. The exact cause of leukemia is unknown, but there are a few risk factors that can increase the chances of developing the disease.
Risk Factors for Leukemia in Young Adults
Genetics: Certain genetic abnormalities can increase the risk of developing leukemia. These include mutations in the TP53 gene, which can lead to an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Exposure to Radiation or Chemicals: Exposure to radiation, such as through medical treatments or environmental sources, can increase the risk of developing leukemia. Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene, can also increase the risk.
Immune System Disorders: Certain immune system disorders, such as HIV/AIDS, can increase the risk of developing leukemia.
Prior Cancer Treatment: Certain treatments for other types of cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can increase the risk of developing leukemia.
Signs and Symptoms of Leukemia in Young Adults
Leukemia can cause a variety of signs and symptoms, including:
Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak for long periods of time.
Fever: Having a fever that comes and goes.
Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss.
Frequent Infections: Having frequent infections, such as colds or the flu, that don't go away.
Night Sweats: Experiencing night sweats without any other cause.
Bone Pain: Feeling pain in the bones or joints.
Bruising or Bleeding Easily: Easily bruising or bleeding, even without an injury.
Diagnosis of Leukemia in Young Adults
If a young adult is suspected of having leukemia, a doctor will order tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include a physical exam, blood tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy.
Treatment for Leukemia in Young Adults
Treatment for leukemia varies depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Bone marrow transplants may also be used to treat some types of leukemia.
Preventing Leukemia in Young Adults
Leukemia is a complex disease and there is no way to prevent it. However, avoiding exposure to radiation, chemicals, and certain medications can help reduce the risk. It is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly.