Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much of the hormone thyroxine. This can cause a wide range of symptoms, including weight loss, fatigue, rapid heart rate, anxiety, irritability, muscle weakness, trembling, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). While Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, it is not the only one.
Graves’ disease is caused by an overactivity of the immune system. The body’s immune system mistakenly identifies the thyroid gland as a foreign invader and produces antibodies that attack the gland. This causes the thyroid to produce too much of the hormone thyroxine. The excess hormone then causes the body’s metabolism to increase, leading to the symptoms of Graves’ disease.
The diagnosis of Graves’ disease is typically made based on a combination of physical exam, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests are used to measure the levels of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), T4 (thyroxine), and thyroid antibodies. Imaging studies such as an ultrasound or CT scan can be used to evaluate the size and structure of the thyroid gland.
Treatment for Graves’ disease typically involves medications that block the production of thyroxine and/or radiation therapy. Surgery may be recommended in some cases. In addition, lifestyle changes such as eating a balanced diet and getting regular exercise can help to reduce the symptoms of Graves’ disease.
In conclusion, Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much of the hormone thyroxine. Diagnosis is typically based on a combination of physical exam, laboratory tests, and imaging studies, and treatment typically involves medications that block the production of thyroxine and/or radiation therapy.