Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a type of anemia caused by an immune reaction in which the body's own immune system attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. AIHA is a potentially life-threatening condition, and it requires immediate medical treatment.
Overview
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia caused by an immune reaction. In AIHA, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. This leads to a decrease in the number of red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. AIHA can be mild or severe, and it can occur at any age.
Causes
The exact cause of AIHA is not known, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. AIHA is more common in people with certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, and it is also associated with certain medications and infections.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of AIHA are fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Other symptoms can include jaundice, rapid heart rate, dizziness, and dark urine.
Diagnosis
AIHA is usually diagnosed with a blood test. The test will measure the number of red blood cells, as well as the levels of certain antibodies. Other tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy, may also be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
The main treatment for AIHA is corticosteroid drugs, which help to reduce the immune system's attack on red blood cells. In some cases, other medications, such as immunosuppressants, may be prescribed. In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary.
Outlook
The outlook for people with AIHA depends on the severity of the condition, how quickly it is diagnosed and treated, and the underlying cause. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people with AIHA can lead a normal life.
