Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Overview
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an uncommon condition in which a person's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys their own red blood cells. AIHA can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and jaundice. It can also lead to serious complications such as anemia and infections. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include medications, blood transfusions, and immune-suppressing drugs.
Types of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is classified into two main types, warm AIHA and cold AIHA. Warm AIHA is the more common type, and is caused by antibodies that attack red blood cells at body temperature. Cold AIHA is caused by antibodies that attack red blood cells at lower temperatures.
Causes of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
In many cases, the cause of AIHA is unknown. However, it can sometimes be linked to another underlying condition, such as an infection, cancer, or autoimmune disorder. AIHA can also be caused by certain medications or a reaction to a blood transfusion.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
The symptoms of AIHA vary from person to person, but may include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, and jaundice. Other symptoms may include fever, headaches, and dark urine.
Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
AIHA is usually diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, physical exams, and imaging tests. The doctor will look for signs of anemia, such as low red blood cell count, and will also look for evidence of antibodies that attack red blood cells.
Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
The treatment of AIHA depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be treated with medications, such as corticosteroids, that suppress the immune system. Severe cases may require blood transfusions or immune-suppressing drugs. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be recommended.