Aplastic anemia is a rare blood disorder in which the body fails to produce enough new blood cells. It is primarily classified as a macrocytic anemia, meaning that red blood cells are generally larger than normal. This is due to a decreased production of red blood cells, leading to fewer cells that are larger in size. Aplastic anemia typically causes a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Symptoms of aplastic anemia include fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, rapid heart rate, and increased risk of infection. Diagnosis is typically done through a complete blood count, which will show an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). This is an indication of macrocytic anemia. Other tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy and evaluation of the peripheral blood smear, may also be used to diagnose aplastic anemia.
Treatment for aplastic anemia typically involves blood transfusions and/or medications to suppress the immune system. Bone marrow transplantation is the only curative treatment for aplastic anemia and is usually reserved for severe cases.
In conclusion, aplastic anemia is classified as a macrocytic anemia due to the decrease in red blood cell production, which leads to larger cells. A bone marrow biopsy and evaluation of the peripheral blood smear can be used to diagnose aplastic anemia. Treatment usually involves blood transfusions and/or medications to suppress the immune system, and a bone marrow transplantation can be used as a curative treatment.