Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the spine and other areas of the body. It is a type of autoimmune disease, which means that the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy tissue.
The exact cause of AS is not known, but it is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A genetic factor is present in most cases, meaning that people with certain genes are more likely to develop the disease. In addition, certain environmental triggers such as an infection with certain bacteria or viruses, or physical trauma, may trigger the onset of AS in individuals who are genetically predisposed to the disease.
The main symptom of AS is chronic inflammation of the spine, which can lead to stiffness and pain. Inflammation can also affect other areas of the body, including the eyes, heart, and lungs. In some cases, the inflammation can become so severe as to cause fusion of the spine, resulting in limited mobility and a hunched posture. Treatment for AS typically involves medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation and pain, and biologic medications to suppress the immune system.
In summary, ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the spine and other areas of the body. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and is treated with medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.