Anemia is a condition in which a person has a lower than normal number of red blood cells. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body, and when there are too few of them, the body's cells do not receive enough oxygen to function correctly. Anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including an underlying medical condition, a lack of certain nutrients in the diet, or certain medications.
What Causes Anemia?
Anemia can have many causes, including a lack of certain vitamins or minerals, such as iron, folate, or vitamin B12. Other conditions such as kidney disease, liver disease, or chronic conditions such as cancer can also lead to anemia. In addition, some medications, such as antacids, can make it difficult for the body to absorb the necessary nutrients to produce enough red blood cells.
What Are the Symptoms of Anemia?
The symptoms of anemia can vary depending on the cause. Common symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, and headaches. In more severe cases, anemia can cause chest pain, rapid heart rate, and fainting.
How Is Anemia Diagnosed?
Anemia is typically diagnosed with a blood test. During the test, the doctor will measure the number of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. If the results of the test are abnormal, the doctor may order additional tests to determine the cause of the anemia.
How Is Anemia Treated?
The treatment for anemia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, the doctor may recommend dietary changes to increase the intake of iron, folate, and vitamin B12. Other treatments may include medications to treat the underlying medical condition, or supplements to increase the production of red blood cells. In severe cases of anemia, a blood transfusion may be necessary.
