Adie's tonic pupil is an uncommon neurological symptom that can affect both men and women. The condition causes the affected pupil to remain constricted despite changes in lighting. It may be accompanied by a decrease in the patient's ability to adjust the pupil size due to a lack of response to light.
Symptoms of Adie's Tonic Pupil
Adie's tonic pupil is characterized by a fixed and constricted pupil that does not respond to changes in light. The pupil will remain constricted whether the eye is exposed to bright light or darkness. Other symptoms can include blurred vision, photophobia (eye sensitivity to light), and decreased eye movements.
Causes of Adie's Tonic Pupil
The exact cause of Adie's tonic pupil is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by damage to the post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve. This damage could be the result of an infection, trauma, or a genetic condition.
Prevalence in Females
Adie's tonic pupil is more common in females than in males, and studies suggest that the prevalence in females can be up to six times higher than in males. This difference in prevalence may be due to differences in susceptibility or the effects of hormones on the parasympathetic nervous system.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Adie's tonic pupil is diagnosed through a comprehensive ophthalmological exam that includes pupil size measurements and visual acuity tests. Treatment for Adie's tonic pupil may include the use of anti-cholinergic medications, topical eye drops, or physical therapy. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to restore normal pupil dilation.