Actinomycetes are a type of bacteria that can cause human diseases, although most are beneficial or harmless. This type of bacteria can be found in soil, water, plants, and animals, including humans. They can cause a variety of infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, and skin infections.
Types of Actinomycetes-Associated Diseases
Actinomycosis is a type of infection caused by actinomycetes. The most common type of actinomycosis is cervicofacial actinomycosis, which is an infection of the face, neck, and jaw area. It is usually caused by the bacteria Actinomyces israelii, which is typically found in the mouth and throat. Other types of actinomycosis include thoracic actinomycosis, which affects the lungs, and abdominal actinomycosis, which affects the abdomen.
Risk Factors for Actinomycetes Infections
People with weakened immune systems, such as those who have HIV/AIDS or are undergoing chemotherapy, are more at risk for developing actinomycetes infections. Other risk factors include exposure to contaminated soil or water, poor oral hygiene, and having surgery.
Symptoms of Actinomycetes Infections
Symptoms of actinomycetes infections vary depending on the type of infection. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, chills, and night sweats. Cervicofacial actinomycosis may cause a lump in the face, neck, or jaw area that is tender to the touch. Thoracic actinomycosis may cause chest pain and difficulty breathing, while abdominal actinomycosis may cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Actinomycetes Infections
Actinomycetes infections are usually diagnosed based on a physical examination and laboratory tests, such as a blood test or a tissue biopsy. Treatment typically involves antibiotic medications, such as amoxicillin or penicillin. Surgery may be necessary in some cases.
Prevention of Actinomycetes Infections
The best way to prevent actinomycetes infections is to practice good hygiene and avoid contact with contaminated soil or water. People with weakened immune systems should also take extra precautions to avoid infections.