A thrombus is a solid mass of blood cells and clotting proteins that form inside a blood vessel, arterial or venous. It is a type of blood clot that can become dislodged and travel through the bloodstream to another part of the body, where it can cause a blockage or embolism. Thrombi can cause a range of health problems, from stroke and heart attack to pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.
When a thrombus is attached to a blood vessel, it is known as an arterial thrombus. This type of thrombus can be caused by an injury, infection, metabolic disorder, or any other condition that damages the vessel walls. It can also form due to an accumulation of fatty deposits, known as plaque, in the vessel walls. Once attached to a blood vessel, the thrombus can become a source of continuous clotting, leading to further blockages and potential long-term damage.
If a thrombus becomes large enough, it can completely block a vessel and reduce or stop the flow of blood. If this occurs in a coronary artery, it can cause a heart attack. If it occurs in a cerebral artery, it can cause a stroke. In either case, medical treatment is necessary to restore blood flow.
The best way to prevent a thrombus from forming is to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. In addition, if an underlying medical condition is present that could increase the risk of thrombus formation, it is important to seek treatment and follow the advice of a healthcare provider.