Anthrax is a highly toxic bacterial infection that affects both animals and humans. It is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and is transmitted through the inhalation, ingestion, or contact with infected animals or byproducts. In humans, anthrax can cause a deadly illness characterized by fever, breathing difficulties, and shock. The severity of the illness and the outcome depend on the amount of the bacteria that is inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin.
Symptoms of Anthrax
The symptoms of anthrax vary depending on how it is contracted.
Inhalation anthrax: Symptoms of inhalation anthrax may include fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. These symptoms may appear within 1 to 7 days after exposure.
Cutaneous anthrax: Cutaneous anthrax causes a skin lesion or sore. The sore may be itchy and may develop a black center.
Gastrointestinal anthrax: Symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever.
Treatment of Anthrax
Anthrax is treated with antibiotics. Treatment should begin as soon as possible after exposure to the bacteria. Inhalation anthrax should be treated with a combination of antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. Cutaneous and gastrointestinal anthrax can be treated with antibiotics such as penicillin.
Prevention of Anthrax
The best way to prevent anthrax is to avoid contact with animals or animal products that may be contaminated with the bacteria. It is also important to practice good hygiene, including washing hands often and avoiding contact with contaminated surfaces. Vaccines are available for those working with animals or animal products that may be contaminated with anthrax.