Sarcomas are rare types of cancer that occur in children and adolescents. It is estimated that sarcomas account for less than 1% of all pediatric cancers. Sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the soft tissues of the body, such as muscle, fat, blood vessels, and connective tissue. It can be found in any part of the body, but is most common in the arms, legs, chest, abdomen, head, and neck.
Types of Sarcoma in Children
The most common types of sarcoma in children are:
Rhabdomyosarcoma: This type of sarcoma develops in the soft tissues that surround the body’s muscles. It is the most common type of sarcoma in children, accounting for about 40% of pediatric sarcomas.
Ewing's Sarcoma: This type of sarcoma develops in the bones or soft tissues of the arms, legs, chest, neck, or pelvis. It is the second most common type of sarcoma in children, accounting for about 15% of pediatric sarcomas.
Osteosarcoma: This type of sarcoma develops in the bones. It is the third most common type of sarcoma in children, accounting for about 10% of pediatric sarcomas.
Risk Factors for Sarcoma in Children
The exact cause of sarcoma in children is not known. However, some factors may increase the risk of sarcoma in children, including:
Genetic factors: Certain inherited genetic conditions, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and neurofibromatosis, have been linked to an increased risk of sarcoma in children.
Exposure to radiation: Exposure to radiation can increase the risk of sarcoma in children.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcoma in Children
Sarcoma in children is often diagnosed through medical imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. If the doctor suspects that the child has sarcoma, a biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Once sarcoma is diagnosed, treatment usually involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. The type of treatment will depend on the type and stage of the sarcoma, as well as the child’s age and overall health.
Outlook for Sarcoma in Children
The outlook for sarcoma in children varies depending on the type and stage of the sarcoma, as well as the child’s age and overall health. Generally speaking, the prognosis is better for children with early-stage sarcoma that has not spread to other parts of the body. With early diagnosis and treatment, the outlook for children with sarcoma is often good.