Anthrax is a rare but serious infection caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It is most commonly found in farm animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle, but can also be found in humans. Fortunately, it is extremely rare in humans, with fewer than 200 cases reported worldwide each year.
The most common form of anthrax in humans is cutaneous anthrax, which is contracted through contact with infected animals or animal products. This form of anthrax is not contagious, and can be treated with antibiotics if caught early. Inhalation of anthrax spores is much rarer and, if left untreated, can be fatal. The spores enter the body through inhalation, and can cause severe respiratory symptoms. Inhalation anthrax can be treated with antibiotics, although the mortality rate is still quite high.
The last form of anthrax is gastrointestinal anthrax, which is contracted through the ingestion of contaminated food or drink. This form is even rarer than inhalation anthrax, and is more deadly. Symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax include nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Treatment with antibiotics is often effective if caught early, but the mortality rate is still quite high.
Anthrax is a serious infection, but fortunately it is extremely rare in humans. The best way to prevent anthrax is to be cautious when handling animals, animal products, and contaminated food. Vaccines are available for those at high risk of exposure to anthrax, such as military personnel.