Albinism is a rare condition that affects the production of melanin in the body, resulting in a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin, and hair. This condition affects about one in every 18,000 to 20,000 people worldwide.
What Are the Different Types of Albinism?
There are two main types of albinism: oculocutaneous and ocular. Oculocutaneous albinism affects the skin, eyes, and hair and is the most common type. Ocular albinism affects only the eyes but is much rarer.
What Causes Albinism?
Albinism is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of melanin, which is responsible for the coloring of the skin, hair, and eyes. The mutation affects both parents, and is passed on to their children.
What Are the Symptoms of Albinism?
People with albinism have a range of physical characteristics, including:
• Very pale skin and hair
• Light-colored eyes (blue, gray, green, or hazel)
• Poor vision
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Reduced pigmentation in the eyes, skin, and hair
How Is Albinism Diagnosed?
Albinism is usually diagnosed at birth or shortly after. Doctors will examine the infant for signs of the condition and may order genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis.
How Is Albinism Treated?
There is no cure for albinism, but there are treatments available to help manage the condition. These include special glasses to improve vision, sunscreen to protect the skin from the sun, and counselling to help cope with the psychological effects of albinism.
What Is the Outlook for People With Albinism?
People with albinism can lead healthy, active lives. With proper care and treatment, people with albinism can achieve their goals and live fulfilling lives.