Query:
What are the symptoms of Addison’s disease?
Addison’s disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare condition in which the adrenal glands become damaged and are unable to produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. The disease is caused by a number of factors, including genetic mutations, infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications. While Addison’s disease is rare, affecting only one in 100,000 individuals, it is important to be aware of the symptoms so that it can be diagnosed and treated promptly.
The primary symptom of Addison’s disease is fatigue, which can range from mild to severe. Other symptoms include muscle weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite, salt cravings, depression, dehydration, lightheadedness, and weight loss. In some cases, the skin may darken, especially in areas exposed to the sun, due to an increase in the production of melanin.
Other symptoms of Addison’s disease may include low blood pressure and an increased heart rate, which can lead to dizziness and fainting. Low blood sugar is another common symptom, as the cortisol and aldosterone hormones are responsible for regulating the body’s blood sugar levels. If left untreated, this can lead to severe complications such as shock and coma.
Because the symptoms of Addison’s disease can be vague and easily mistaken for other conditions, it can be difficult to diagnose. A doctor may order a blood test to measure levels of adrenal hormones, or a cortisol stimulation test, in which the patient is given a synthetic hormone to see how the body responds. Treatment for Addison’s disease typically includes hormone replacement therapy to replace the missing hormones, as well as dietary changes and lifestyle modifications to reduce stress and maintain blood sugar levels.