Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic bacterial infection caused by a type of bacteria called Actinomyces. It most commonly affects the face, neck, and abdominal area, but can spread to other parts of the body. The infection usually starts in the mouth, throat, or lungs, and can spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Actinomycosis is not common, with approximately 10-20 cases reported each year in the United States. It is more likely to affect those with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV/AIDS, individuals on medications such as steroids or chemotherapy, and people who have had organ transplants. It is also more common in people with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms of actinomycosis can vary depending on the location of the infection. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area, as well as fever, chills, and fatigue. If the infection spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause abscesses, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis of actinomycosis is usually based on a physical exam and imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics to kill the infection, and surgery to remove any abscesses or damaged tissue.
Overall, actinomycosis is a rare infection, but it can be serious if not treated promptly. Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic inflammatory conditions are more likely to be affected, and should be monitored closely for any signs of infection. Early diagnosis and treatment is key to preventing serious complications.