An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between the veins and arteries that can cause major health problems, including pain, stroke, and even death, if left untreated. The risk of rupture is the primary concern with an AVM. While there is no definitive answer to how often AVMs rupture, studies have shown that the risk of rupture increases with the size of the AVM and the number of vessels involved.
Smaller AVMs are more likely to go unnoticed and are less likely to rupture. However, if left untreated, even small AVMs can grow in size, increasing the risk of rupture. The larger the AVM, the more vessels involved, and the more likely it is to rupture. Studies have shown that AVMs with a diameter of 10 mm or more have a rupture rate of up to 13%.
In addition to size, other factors can increase the risk of rupture, such as hypertension, pregnancy, and smoking. Any significant changes in blood pressure may cause an AVM to rupture, as well as any trauma to the area, such as a blow to the head or surgery.
Overall, the risk of AVM rupture is difficult to predict and varies from patient to patient. Generally, larger AVMs are more likely to rupture, but smaller AVMs can also cause serious health complications if left untreated. It is important to discuss your individual risk with your physician so that you can make an informed decision about your treatment options.