Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of proteins and lipids (fats) which transport lipids (like cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood. There are several different types of lipoproteins, each with a different function. The four main types of lipoproteins are chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Chylomicrons
Chylomicrons are the largest of the lipoproteins and are made in the small intestine. They carry triglycerides, which are a type of fat, from the small intestine to the cells in the body that need them for energy. Chylomicrons also carry dietary cholesterol.
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
Very low-density lipoproteins are also made in the small intestine. They are composed of triglycerides and cholesterol and transport these molecules from the liver to the rest of the body.
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Low-density lipoproteins are made in the liver and are responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body. LDLs are often referred to as “bad cholesterol” because high levels of LDLs can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
High-density lipoproteins are also made in the liver. HDLs are referred to as “good cholesterol” because they help to transport cholesterol from the cells of the body back to the liver. High levels of HDLs are thought to be protective against cardiovascular disease.
In summary, there are four main types of lipoproteins: chylomicrons, VLDLs, LDLs, and HDLs. Each type of lipoprotein has a different function and plays a role in the body’s metabolism.