Behaviour is a complex topic and there is no single answer as to how many types of behaviour are known. Different theories of behaviour have identified different classifications, ranging from four to hundreds.
Four Types of Behaviour
The most basic form of behaviour classification is the four-type model, which divides behaviour into four categories: positive, negative, neutral, and mixed. Positive behaviour is any behaviour that is helpful, constructive, or pleasant. Negative behaviour is any behaviour that is disruptive, destructive, or unpleasant. Neutral behaviour is any behaviour that does not fit into either of the other categories and is neither helpful nor disruptive. Finally, mixed behaviour is any behaviour that contains both positive and negative elements.
Behavioural Dimensions
Another way of looking at behaviour is to examine it along different dimensions. For example, some researchers have identified five dimensions of behaviour: proactive, reactive, interactive, proscriptive, and descriptive. Proactive behaviour is any behaviour that is motivated by a desire to achieve a desired goal. Reactive behaviour is any behaviour that is prompted by an external stimulus. Interactive behaviour is any behaviour that is motivated by social interaction or relationship-building. Proscriptive behaviour is any behaviour that is motivated by a desire to avoid negative consequences. Finally, descriptive behaviour is any behaviour that is motivated by a desire to gain knowledge or information.
Behavioural Domains
A third way of examining behaviour is to look at it within different domains. This approach classifies behaviour according to the areas in which it occurs, such as academic, social, emotional, physical, and spiritual. Academic behaviour is any behaviour related to learning and academic achievement. Social behaviour is any behaviour related to relationships and interpersonal interactions. Emotional behaviour is any behaviour related to emotional regulation and expression. Physical behaviour is any behaviour related to physical activities and motor skills. Finally, spiritual behaviour is any behaviour related to values, beliefs, and spiritual practices.
Behavioural Styles
A fourth way of looking at behaviour is to examine it through different styles. This approach looks at behaviour in terms of how it is expressed and includes styles such as assertive, aggressive, passive, and passive-aggressive. Assertive behaviour is any behaviour that is direct, honest, and respectful. Aggressive behaviour is any behaviour that is hostile, intimidating, and intimidating. Passive behaviour is any behaviour that is indirect, evasive, and non-confrontational. Finally, passive-aggressive behaviour is any behaviour that is indirect and manipulative.
Behavioural Taxonomies
Finally, a fifth way of looking at behaviour is to examine it through different taxonomies. This approach classifies behaviour according to its purpose and includes categories such as self-care, communication, social, problem-solving, and academic. Self-care behaviour is any behaviour that is motivated by a desire to maintain physical and mental health. Communication behaviour is any behaviour that is related to verbal and non-verbal communication. Social behaviour is any behaviour related to relationships and social interactions. Problem-solving behaviour is any behaviour related to problem-solving and critical thinking. Finally, academic behaviour is any behaviour related to academic achievement.
In conclusion, there is no single answer as to how many types of behaviour are known. Different theories of behaviour have identified different classifications, ranging from four to hundreds. Ultimately, the type of behaviour classification that is used depends on the context and purpose of the analysis.