Hemolytic anemia is a blood disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. The exact number of cases of hemolytic anemia is unknown, but it is estimated that one in every 5,000 people have it.
Types of Hemolytic Anemia
There are many different types of hemolytic anemia, and each type is caused by a specific underlying problem. The most common types of hemolytic anemia are:
1. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: In this type of hemolytic anemia, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy red blood cells.
2. Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia: Hereditary hemolytic anemia is caused by a genetic defect that affects the production and lifespan of red blood cells.
3. Drug-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: Certain drugs, such as penicillin, can cause the body to produce antibodies that attack and destroy red blood cells.
4. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia: This type of hemolytic anemia is caused by damage to small blood vessels, which leads to the destruction of red blood cells.
Diagnosis of Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia is usually diagnosed through a physical exam and a complete blood count. Additional tests may be required to determine the underlying cause of the disorder.
Treatment of Hemolytic Anemia
Treatment for hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to reduce the destruction of red blood cells. In other cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replace the destroyed red blood cells. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the source of the problem.