The frequency of ANA testing depends on the individual patient and their medical history. Generally speaking, ANA testing should be done at least once per year for individuals who have a family history of autoimmune diseases, have a personal history of autoimmune diseases, are pregnant, or are being treated for an autoimmune condition. For individuals with no risk factors, ANA testing should be done if they develop any symptoms that could be indicative of an autoimmune disorder, such as fatigue, joint pain, fever, or rash.
In addition to annual testing, ANA tests may be repeated more frequently if a patient's symptoms worsen or if there is a change in their medical history indicating a higher risk for autoimmune disease. For example, if a patient develops a new symptom that could be indicative of an autoimmune disorder, their doctor may order an ANA test to help rule out the possibility of an autoimmune disease. Additionally, patients with a known autoimmune disorder may need to have their ANA tested more frequently to monitor their condition and ensure that it remains in remission.
Overall, the frequency of ANA testing should be based on the individual patient and their medical history. In general, it should be done at least once per year for individuals with risk factors for autoimmune diseases and more frequently if symptoms develop or worsen.