Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin condition caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Treatment for actinic keratosis usually depends on the size, location, and severity of the lesions. Treatment options include topical creams, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgery.
Topical Creams
Topical creams are the most common treatment option for actinic keratosis. These creams contain a medication that helps to reduce the thickness of the lesion and decrease its size. Common topical medications used for AK treatment include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, and diclofenac. Topical creams for actinic keratosis are usually applied twice daily for a few weeks.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy is a treatment that involves freezing the AK lesion with liquid nitrogen. Cryotherapy is an effective treatment option for small and superficial lesions. During cryotherapy, the lesion is frozen for a few seconds until it turns white. The lesion will then scab and fall off within a few weeks.
Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a chemical and light source to destroy the abnormal cells in the AK lesion. The chemical is applied to the lesion and then activated by a light source. PDT is an effective treatment option for larger and more severe AK lesions.
Surgery
Surgery is usually reserved for the most severe and widespread cases of actinic keratosis. Surgery may involve scraping off the lesions with a scalpel or using laser surgery to remove the lesions. Surgery is usually done under local anesthesia and may require several treatments to completely remove the AK lesions.
In general, the length of treatment for actinic keratosis depends on the severity of the lesions and the type of treatment being used. Topical creams and cryotherapy usually require several weeks of treatment, while photodynamic therapy and surgery may require several treatments. It is important to follow the instructions of your doctor to ensure successful treatment.