Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a condition in which a bone loses its blood supply, which can lead to bone death. It usually takes several months to several years for AVN to develop, depending on the cause, location, and severity of the condition.
Causes of AVN
AVN can be caused by a variety of conditions, including trauma, certain medical treatments, and medical conditions such as diabetes and sickle cell anemia. In some cases, a cause may not be identified.
Risk Factors for AVN
Certain factors may increase the risk of developing AVN, such as:
• Alcoholism
• Long-term use of corticosteroids
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
• Radiation therapy
• Long-term use of certain medications, such as bisphosphonates
• Joint replacement surgery
• Chronic medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus
Symptoms of AVN
The most common symptom of AVN is pain or aching in the affected area. Other symptoms may include swelling, tenderness, and limited range of motion.
Diagnosis of AVN
AVN is typically diagnosed with an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan. These imaging tests can reveal changes in the bone that are indicative of AVN.
Treatment of AVN
Treatment for AVN will depend on the severity of the condition. In some cases, rest and pain medications may be enough to manage the symptoms. In more serious cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the bone. In some cases, a bone graft may be necessary.