Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis or aseptic necrosis, is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to the bone is interrupted, leading to bone death. Without a steady supply of blood, the bone cannot repair itself and, over time, the affected area of bone will deteriorate. While the exact length of time it takes for avascular necrosis to develop varies, it is usually a slow process that may take several months or years.
Causes of Avascular Necrosis
Avascular necrosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors. Trauma, such as a fracture or dislocation, can cause the interruption of blood flow to the bone, leading to avascular necrosis. Medical conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and lupus, can also increase a person's risk of developing the condition. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and chemotherapy drugs, can also increase the risk of avascular necrosis. Finally, lifestyle factors, such as excessive alcohol use and smoking, can increase the risk of developing the condition.
Symptoms of Avascular Necrosis
The most common symptom of avascular necrosis is pain in the affected area. This pain may be a dull ache or a sharp, stabbing pain. The pain may worsen with activity, and it may eventually become constant. In addition, the affected area may become swollen, tender, and stiff. In advanced cases, the affected area may collapse, leading to deformity.
Treatment of Avascular Necrosis
The treatment of avascular necrosis depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, rest, physical therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications may be sufficient to manage the symptoms. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the affected area. In advanced cases, a joint replacement may be necessary.
Prevention of Avascular Necrosis
The best way to prevent avascular necrosis is to avoid trauma and certain medications, as well as lifestyle factors, such as excessive alcohol use and smoking. In addition, people with certain medical conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and lupus, should take extra precautions to prevent the condition from developing.