Malignant Melanoma: Overview
What is Malignant Melanoma?
Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that is caused by the abnormal growth of pigment cells (melanocytes) in the skin. It is the most serious type of skin cancer and can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, lungs, and brain.
Risk Factors for Malignant Melanoma
Risk factors for malignant melanoma include a family history of skin cancer, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, having many moles or freckles, and having fair skin.
Symptoms of Malignant Melanoma
The most common symptom of malignant melanoma is the appearance of a new mole or changes in an existing mole. A melanoma may also appear as a dark spot or a raised area on the skin. Other symptoms may include itching, bleeding, or crusting of the skin.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Melanoma
Malignant melanoma is usually diagnosed with a physical exam, a biopsy of the affected area, and imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan. Treatment may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.
How Long Does a Patient with Malignant Melanoma Live?
The outlook for a patient with malignant melanoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the location of the tumor, and the patient's overall health. Generally, the prognosis is best for patients who are diagnosed in the early stages of the disease and who receive prompt treatment. Survival rates vary widely, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many patients can live for years with malignant melanoma.