Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare blood disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells, leading to anemia. The exact cause of AIHA is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by a virus or other infection. The severity and length of the disease can vary from person to person, and it is possible to have a mild form that lasts for months or even years.
Symptoms of AIHA
The most common symptom of AIHA is fatigue, which can range from mild to severe. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, pale skin, rapid heart rate, and jaundice. In more severe cases, AIHA can cause an enlarged spleen, enlarged liver, and anemia.
Diagnosis of AIHA
AIHA is usually diagnosed through a combination of a physical exam, medical history, and laboratory tests. A doctor may order a complete blood count (CBC) to check the number of red blood cells, a blood smear to look for antibodies, and a reticulocyte count to measure the amount of newly-formed red blood cells. Other tests may include a bone marrow biopsy or a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) to look for antibodies.
Treatment for AIHA
Treatment for AIHA usually involves medications that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, or medications that reduce the number of red blood cells, such as hydroxyurea. In severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to replenish the red blood cells.
How Long Can You Live with AIHA?
The prognosis for people with AIHA varies depending on the severity of the disease and the type of treatment received. People with mild cases can live a relatively normal life, while those with severe cases may need ongoing treatment and monitoring. In general, the prognosis for AIHA is good if it is diagnosed and treated early. With proper management, most people with AIHA can live a normal life.